First of all I believe this is an ios only bug.
So i was on a realm when i got a music disc, and so i decided to craft a jukebox, so i put the disc in and.. Nothing, I didn’t hear any music, an admin gave me another to try but I heard nothing, the admin could hear it though. I tried with music at 0, sound at 100 snd vice versa (and numbers in between) without my phone muted and they still did not work, all I heard was the blocks I walk on, the rain, the portal and ender chest, and the animals, no music. So then I spent a while waiting for the background minecraft music and I heard no music.

I will be trying it out on my own world and will update this post then