From what I can tell, if the username of the windows profile contains Cyrillic characters the game crashes on launch.

I created 4 local profiles (non-microsoft) on the same machine to test this. The two containing Cyrillic characters crashed every time while the other two launched and performed flawlessly.

Steps to reproduce

1. Install Minecraft
2. Create a new local user with a username containing Cyrillic characters. I used "тестовое"
3. Open launcher, enter credentials
4. Game fails to launch