This issue is related to MC-192373.

I have the same issue. This happens from time to time. My bed is not surrounded by anything. And when I die, It takes me back to world spawn and says "You have no home bed or charged respawn anchor or it was obstructed"

This happened already a few times, world spawn is somewhere in the -100[x], 200[z]. The house I built is somewhere in the -1500[x], 1700[z].  When I'm in the nether and die, I get spawned all the way back to the world spawn with the error above. Even when using the Respawn Anchor, the same issue.

Also, I even changed my spawn point back to where the bed is located. Even slept on it, I logged off for about 6 mins, logged back in and did a /kill command, the same error above.