In /particle, vibrations have extra fields for determining the destination:

particle minecraft:vibration{arrival_in_ticks:INT,destination:{type:"block",pos:[DOUBLE,DOUBLE,DOUBLE]}}

The position, however, is limited to absolute coordinates, neither relative nor local coordinates work. This is making this particle basically useless in command systems, as they can only go from one position to another hardcoded position, not a position relative to the execution location or an entity.

With the addition of macro arguments in functions in 1.20.2, these particles can actually be moved to relative positions by using some scoreboard math, however for command blocks and chat-run commands, this is not available still.