I talked with the support team via email for around a week now, they couldn't help and redirected me here. All the drivers/ windows version/ java version/ minecraft version are up to date. The laptop I use is not the issue since it operates in all the other games/ apps as expected.

In 1.19.2, fully vanilla, minecraft runs at ~45 fps using default settings, 2880x1800 resolution.

At 1920x1080 resolution, same settings, minecraft runs at ~50 fps, a ~10% fps increase despite a 150% decrease in resolution. Both benchmarks ran under "performance mode" in identical conditions.

The framerate is also unstable, despite that, the game doesn't run worse in any difficult parts on my world (ex: storage unit) and renders chunks pretty fast. CPU sat around 17% utilization during the benchmark, no matter the resolution. The temps where around 60 to 65 degrees. The integrated Vega 8 GPU was sitting at 53% utilization at full HD and 67% utilization at 2.8k.

On my previous system that had a 50% slower CPU, the game ran ~150% faster under similar conditions. That system was using an intel i5 9400f and a dedicated 1660 graphics card (this should be irrelevant since minecraft is mainly a CPU bound game and I wasn't using any shaders).

Also, plugging the laptop in doesn't improve performance, so it's not a battery saving measure either.

Conclusion: The game refuses to take full advantage of the hardware, the framerate is low and unstable.  Downgrading the resolution doesn't/barely improves performance.