When using a give command to give yourself a chest with a container component the contents of that component are not set to the chest when placed.

/give @s minecraft:chest[minecraft:container=[{slot:0,item:{id:"minecraft:dirt"}}]]

gives a chest that won't have a dirt block inside it when placed

/give @s minecraft:shulker_box[minecraft:container=[{slot:0,item:{id:"minecraft:dirt"}}]]

gives a shulker box that will have a dirt block when placed

Other components can be used across many items as long as it's applicable