I use an S21 Ultra (Exynos variant) and this happened in every version I played with on this device. Tried reinstalling the game but didn't do anything.

I set the max framerate to unlimited but this didn't change anything. Setting it to 120 FPS also didn't. Adaptive refresh rate is on, it has no problems with any other apps. In Minecraft however, screen is capped to 60 Hz. I provided one screenshot and it's with Samsung's monitoring app. You can see that FPS bar is on top and that means it's the max FPS refresh rate can allow. I also tested with Android's refresh rate showing option and it also says 60 in Minecraft. I disabled all of these Samsung game optimizers, made sure that game is running with System Graphics Driver but none worked.

Note: 120 Hz works in the trial version somehow.
Note 2: Android 13 didn't seem to change anything, probably an in-game limitation.