In the format versions 1.18.0 or later, if you do not fill in the max_durability parameter, Minecraft will print an error whose description is "missing required field(s)".

But in the format versions older than 1.18.0, such as 1.16.100, if you do not fill in the parameter above, nothing happens.

Even if you fill in the max_damage parameter which was valid in Minecraft 1.16.100.56 instead, the durability of the item is still 0 and there is no error reported. It means that max_damage parameter could not be upgrade to the max_durability parameter of format version 1.18.0.

Strangely, when replacing minecraft:durability with minecraft:damageable, a valid component in Minecraft 1.16.100.56 and 1.16.100.57, there is no error whether you fill in the max_durability parameter or the max_damage parameter as well. In fact, it will not be upgrade to minecraft:durability of format version 1.16.100 or 1.18.0, it just does not work at all.